As we continue discussing the business architecture perspective, let us look at the models and techniques that are commonly used in this perspective.
The reference models are architectural templates that are used to provide one or more perspectives that can be used in multiple sectors such as sales, marketing and finance.
These reference models are used as the starting point which can then be customised to fit in with the needs of their organization.
Some of the common reference models include the following :
- Association for Cooperative Operations Research and Development (ACORD) : this reference model is commonly used in the insurance and Financial industries
- Business Motivation Model (BMM) : this reference model can be used as an industry standard because it can be used in any industry.
- Control Objectives for IT (COBIT) : this model is commonly usually used for IT governance and management.
- IT governance and management : this model is commonly used in the communications sector.
- Federal Enterprise Architecture Service Reference Model (FEA SRM) : this model was created for the U.S. Federal Government and it is commonly used in numerous governments.
- Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL®) : this is a common reference model used in the IT service management
- Process Classification Framework (PCF) : this popular reference model is used in numerous sectors such as aerospace, defence, automotive, education, electric utilities, petroleum, pharmaceutical, and telecommunications.
- Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) : this reference model is commonly used in the supply chain management.
- Value Reference Model (VRM) : this reference model is used in value change and network management.
There are also some common techniques which are used in the business architectural perspective and they include the following.
- Archimate® : this is an open source enterprise architectural modelling language. It is used to describe, analyse and envision the architecture the business domains.
- Business Motivation Model (BMM): this is the standardization of the business incentive in terms of mission, vision, strategies, tactics, goals, objectives, policies, rules, and influencers.
- Business Process Architecture : this technique is used to model the processes and to provide a comprehensive view of the organizational processes.
- Capability Map : this technique is used to categorize the business capabilities.
- Customer Journey Map : this model is used to show the journey of a customer through different points of contact from purchasing a product to its delivery. The customer journey maps are commonly used to analyze or design the user experience from different perspectives.
- Enterprise Core Diagram : this techniques is used to model the organizational standards.
- Information Map : this is an inventory of the important business concepts associated with the business capabilities and value delivery.
- Organizational Map : this technique is used to model the business units relationships to external partners, to capabilities and information.
- Project Portfolio Analysis : this technique is used to model projects, programs and portfolios which would provide a comprehensive view of the initiatives in the organization.
- Roadmap : this is used to model the actions, dependencies, and responsibilities needed for the organization to move from current state, through the transition states, into the future state.
- Service-Oriented Analysis : this technique is used to model the analysis, design, and architecture of systems to provide a comprehensive view of the IT infrastructure of the organization.
- The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF®) : this technique is used to develop an enterprise architecture.
- Value Mapping : this technique is used to provide a complete depiction of the stream of activities needed to deliver value. It is used to spot areas of potential improvement in an end–to–end process.
- Zachman Framework : this technique is used to show the enterprise concepts based on the what, how, where, who, when, why in relation to the executive, business management, architect, engineer, technician, enterprise.